The seven emerging colors appear from the process of dispersion through the glass prism in the sequence of VIBGYOR ( from top to bottom ), which is an acronym for Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange and red.The phenomenon of splitting of white light into multiple colors on passing through a transparent medium is known as Dispersion of light, and the pattern in which these seven color components appear on passing through the prism is called spectrum.Prism is a solid object made up of glass, which has two triangular bases and three rectangular bases.After attaining the minimum value, it increases with an increase in the angle of incidence. ![]() With the increase in the angle of incidence, the angle of deviation decreases.The incident ray bends towards the normal when it enters the prism and while leaving the prism it bends away from the normal.In the Prism Experiment, by tracing the path of the rays of light through a glass prism, following observations can be noted: The light bends at various angles like an angle of incidence, angle of reflection, angle of refraction, and angle of deviation. It is used as an optical object to study the behaviour of white light when it is passed through it. The edges of the visible light spectrum blend into the ultraviolet and infrared levels of radiation.Ī prism is a polyhedron with a triangular base and three rectangular lateral surfaces. Human eye can detect wavelengths from 380 to 700 nanometers. The wavelength of light related to frequency and energy determines the perceived color. This range of wavelengths is called visible light. Visible light spectrum is a segment of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to human eye. Hence ‘n’ is maximum for violet and least for red, therefore violet has the maximum dispersion whereas red has minimum. Smaller the value of wavelength larger is the value of Refractive index. In other words the Refractive index is inversely proportional to the square of wavelength of light. Where n is the Refractive index, λ is the wavelength and A and B are constants which are determined for a material by putting in the equation to measure refractive indices at the known wavelengths. The formula states that there is a phenomenological relationship between refractive index and wavelength of light.So the dispersion is because of the refractive index n depends on the wavelength of light λ. The process of dispersion can be understood well through cauchy’s formula. The raindrops here work as a glass prism for the sun’s white light. On rainy days with the presence of raindrops in the air and sunlight, we get to experience the rainbow.When the white sunlight enters the raindrops, then the white light is refracted and an arc of seven color components is formed on the surface of the sky. On the similar lines the concept of rainbow can also be understood. Examples of refraction of light by Prism are the twinkling of stars, Optical illusions, formation of mirages, and Rainbows, etc. Violet colour falls on the extreme end of this spectrum while Red at the least. Refraction of Light shows passing of white light passes through a prism and results in each colour refracting at a very different angle. Refraction of light refers to a change in direction or the bending of a wave passing from one medium to another due to the change in speed of the wave. When a narrow beam of sunlight or white light passes through a glass prism, then the light of seven different colors emerges. Sir Issac Newton discovered that white light consists of seven different colors. Its opposite surfaces are equal and parallel to each other. A prism is a solid object made up of glass, which has two triangular bases and three rectangular bases. Dispersion of Light is the phenomenon of splitting of white light into multiple colors on passing through a transparent medium. The pattern in which these color components appear on passing through the prism is called a spectrum.
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